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13.5 The Ural-Altaic Languages

Across to the north-east of the Aryan and Semitic areas there must once have spread a further distinct language system which is now represented by a group of languages known as the TURANIAN, or URAL-ALTAIC group. This includes the Lappish of Lapland and the Samoyed speech of Siberia, the Finnish language Magyar, Turkish or Tartar, Manchu and Mongol; it has not as a group been so exhaustively studied by European philologists, and there is insufficient evidence yet whether it does or does not include the Korean and Japanese languages. H. B. Hulbert has issued a comparative grammar of Korean and certain of the Dravidian languages of India to demonstrate the close affinity he finds between them.

Recommended Reading

The Uralic Langauges (Routledge Language Family Series)
by Danie Abondolo

The Uralic Languages form a language family of about 30 languages spoken by approximately 20 million people. The name of the language family refers to the location of the family's suggested Urheimat (homeland), which is often placed close to the Ural mountains. Countries that are home to a significant number of speakers of Uralic languages include: Estonia, Finland, Hungary, Norway, Romania, Russia, the Serbian province of Vojvodina, and Sweden. The healthiest Uralic languages, in terms of the number of native speakers and national identity, are Estonian, Finnish, and Hungarian.
Read more at amazon.com

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10.0 Neolithic Man in Europe
- 10.1 The Age of Cultivation Begins
- 10.2 Where did the Neolithic Culture Arise?
- 10.3 Everyday Neolithic Life
- 10.4 Primitive Trade
- 10.5 The Flooding of the Mediterranean Valley
11.0 Early Thought
- 11.1 Primitive Philosophy
- 11.2 The Old Man in Religion
- 11.3 Fear and Hope in Religion
- 11.4 Stars and Seasons
- 11.5 Story-telling and Myth-making
- 11.6 Complex Origins of Religion
12.0 The Races of Mankind
- 12.1 Is Mankind Still Differentiating?
- 12.2 The Main Races of Mankind
- 12.3 The Heliolithic Culture of Brunet Peoples
13.0 The Languages of Mankind
- 13.1 No One Primitive Language
- 13.2 The Aryan Languages
- 13.3 The Semitic Languages
- 13.4 The Hamitic Languages
- 13.5 The Ural-Altaic Languages
- 13.6 The Chinese Languages
- 13.7 Other Language Groups
- 13.8 A Possible Primitive Language Group
- 13.9 Some Isolated Languages
14.0 The First Civilizations
- 14.1 Early Cities and Early Nomads
- 14.2.1 Early Civilzations: The Sumerians
- 14.2.2 Early Civilzations: The Empire of Sargon the First
- 14.2.3 Early Civilizations: The Empire of Hammurabi
- 14.2.4 Early Civilizations: The Assyrian Empire
- 14.2.5 Early Civilizations: The Chaldean Empire
- 14.3 The Early History of Egypt
- 14.4 The Early Civilization of India
- 14.5 The Early History of China
- 14.6 While the Civilizations were Growing
15.0 Sea Peoples and Trading Peoples
- 15.1 The Earliest Ships and Sailors
- 15.2 The Aegean Cities before History
- 15.3 The First Voyages of Exploration
- 15.4 Early Traders
- 15.5 Early Travellers
16.0 Writing
- 16.1 Picture Writing
- 16.2 Syllable Writing
- 16.3 Alphabet Writing
- 16.4 The Place of Writing in Human Life
17.0 Gods and Stars, Priests and Kings
- 17.1 The Priest Comes into History
- 17.2 Priests and the Stars
- 17.3 Priests and the Dawn of Learning
- 17.4 Kings Against Priests
- 17.5 How Bel-Marduk Struggled Against the Kings
- 17.6 The God-Kings of Egypt
- 17.7 Shi Hwang-ti Destroys the Books
18.0 Serfs, Slaves, Social Classes and Free Individuals
- 18.1 The Common Man in Ancient Times
- 18.2 The Earliest Slaves
- 18.3 The First "Independent" Persons
- 18.4 Social Classes Three Thousand Years Ago
- 18.5 Classes Hardening into Castes
- 18.6 Caste in India
- 18.7 The System of the Mandarins
- 18.8 A Summary of Five Thousand Years
19.0 The Hebrew Scriptures and the Prophets
- 19.1 The Place of the Israelites in History
- 19.2 Saul, David, and Solomon
- 19.3 The Jews a People of Mixed Origin
- 19.4 The Importance of the Hebrew Prophets
2.0 The Record of the Rocks
- 2.1 The First Living Things
- 2.2 How Old is the World?
20.0 The Aryan-speaking Peoples in Prehistoric Times
- 20.1 The Spreading of the Aryan Speakers
- 20.2 Primitive Aryan Life
- 20.3 Early Daily Aryan Life
3.0 Natural Selection and Changes of Species
- 3.0 Natural Selection and Changes of Species
4.0 The Invasion of the Dry Land by Life
- 4.1 Life and Water
- 4.2 The Earliest Animals
5.0 The Age of Reptiles
- 5.1 The Age of Lowland Life
- 5.2 Flying Dragons
- 5.3 The First Birds
- 5.4 An Age of Hardship and Death
- 5.5 The First Appearance of Fur and Feathers
6.0 The Age of Mammals
- 6.1 A New Age of Life
- 6.2 Tradition Comes Into the World
- 6.3 An Age of Brain Growth
- 6.4 The World Grows Hard Again
7.0 The Ancestry of Man
- 7.1 Man Descended From a Walking Ape
- 7.2 First Traces of Man-like Creatures
- 7.3 The Heidelberg Sub-Man
- 7.4 The Piltdown Sub-Man
8.0 The Neanderthal Man, an Extinct Race
- 8.1 The World 50,000 Years Ago
- 8.2 The Daily Life of the First Men
9.0 The Later Postglacial Paleolithic Men, the First True Men
- 9.1 The Coming of Men Like Ourselves
- 9.2 Hunters Give Place to Herdsmen
- 9.3 No Sub-men in America
Figures